(1)初始状态下原始气藏包气带内的水压力和吸力沿气藏厚度呈线性分布,水压力大小与其相同深度处的静水压力接近。初始饱和度分布可以根据现场勘探资料并利用储层土体的土-水特征曲线获得。
(2)储气砂土在经历了形成过程中的自然脱湿过程后,砂土进一步压密,而因气体释放导致水浸或再吸湿过程中,单由饱和度或吸力减小所引起的砂土湿化变形量很小,可以忽略其工程影响。
(3)气体释放引起含浅层气土层的沉降量沿气藏厚度自上而下依次递减,且与其释放前后的吸力差呈正比;有控放气措施下,气体释放引起的土层总沉降量约为气藏总厚度的 1‰~5‰。
值得说明的是,本文所提预测方法是在工程采取有控缓慢放气措施下,假定气藏中水气缓慢运移,维持其基本形态和平衡的理想条件下得出的。实际工程中,若浅层气无控释放或释放速率过快,会引起气藏中水气运移的无规则剧烈变动,导致储层土体被严重扰动甚至喷发损失,引起地层的变形,则不适用本文的方法进行估算。
参 考 文 献
[1] 卢文忠. 中国东南沿海、长江中下游地区第四系浅层天然气分布及勘探前景[J]. 天然气工业, 1998, 18(3): 25-29.
LU Wen-zhong. Quaternary shallow gas distribution and quaternary exploration prospects in southeast coastal and Yangtze River regions of China[J]. Nature Gas Industry,1998, 18(3): 25-29.
[2] 林春明, 李广月, 卓弘春, 等. 杭洲湾地区晚第四纪下切河谷充填物沉积与浅层生物气勘探[J]. 古地理学报,2005, 7(1): 12-24.
LIN Chun-min, LI Guang-yue, ZHUO Hong-chun, et al. Sedimentary facies of incised valley fillings of the Late Quaternary in Hangzhou Bay area and shallow biogenic gas exploration[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2005, 7(1): 12-24.
[3] 陈少平, 孙家振, 沈传波. 杭州湾入海口处浅层气成因与类型[J]. 重庆石油高等专科学校学报, 2003, (5): 30-31.
CHEN Shao-ping, SUN Jia-zheng, SHEN Chuan-bo. Analysis on the cause of shallow layer gas at the entrance of Hangzhou Gulf and its types[J]. Journal of Chongqing Petroleum College, 2003, (5): 30-31.
[4] 谢成玉. 安徽省沿江软土浅层天然气及其对水工建筑物的影响[J]. 水利水电快报, 2005, 21(10): 11-16.
XIE Cheng-yu. Shallow gas along the Yangtze river in Anhui province and its effects on hydraulic structures[J].Express of Water Resources & Hydropower Information, 2005, 21(10): 11-16.
[5] 孔令伟, 郭爱国, 陈守义, 等. 浅层天然气井喷对地层的损伤影响与桩基工程危害分析[J]. 防灾减灾工程学报, 2004, 24(4): 375-381.
KONG Ling-wei, GUO Ai-guo, CHEN Shou-yi, et al. Influence of shallow natural gas blowout on stratum damage and hazard analysis of pile foundation[J]. Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering, 2004, 24(4): 375-381
[6] KONG Ling-wei, GUO Ai-guo, CHEN Jian-bin, et al. On strength property of gassy fine sand and model tests of pile foundation[C]//Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. Japan: [s. n.], 2005: 2009-2012.
[7] 钟方杰. 浅层储气砂土的气藏压力状态与应力路径力学效应研究[硕士学位论文D]. 武汉: 中科院武汉岩土力学研究所, 2007.
[8] 孔令伟, 钟方杰, 郭爱国, 等. 杭州湾浅层储气砂土应力路径试验研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2009, 30(8): 2219-2214.
KONG Ling-wei, ZHONG Fang-jie, GUO Ai-guo, et al. Experimental study of stress path of shallow gassy sand of Hangzhou Bay[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2009, 30(8): 2219-2214.
[9] TANG Yi-qun, YE Wei-min, HUANG Yu. Marsh gas in shallow soils and safety measures for tunnel construction[J]. Engineering Geology, 2003, 67: 373-378.
[10] 孟庆斌. 杭州湾跨海大桥浅层天然气排放施工技术[J].建筑, 2007, (12): 26-27.
MENG Qing-bin. The technology of nature gas emissions in construction of Hangzhou Bay Bridge[J]. Construction and Architecture, 2007, (12): 26-27.
[11] CHAPMAN R E. Effects of oil and gas accumulation on water movement[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1982, 66(3): 368-374.
[12] C. R. 史密斯. 实用油藏工程[M]. 岳清山, 柏松章等译. 北京: 石油工业出版社, 1995.
[13] 张吉明, 李顺群, 任庆新. 非饱和土的基质吸力与毛细吸力[J]. 山西建筑, 2007, 33(23): 1-3.
ZHANG Ji-min, LI Shun-qun, REN qing-xin. Matric suction and capillary suction pressure in unsaturated soils[J]. Shanxi Architecture, 2007, 33(23): 1-3.
[14] 王勇, 田湖南, 孔令伟, 等. 杭州地铁储气砂土的抗剪强度特性试验研究与预测分析[J]. 岩土力学, 2008,28(增刊): 465-469.
WANG Yong, TIAN Hu-nan, KONG Ling-wei, et al. Experimental study and predictive analysis of shear strength characteristics of gassy sand in Hangzhou metro project[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2008, 28(Supp.):465-469.
[15] 王勇, 孔令伟, 郭爱国, 等. 气体释放速率对浅层气藏中气水运移的影响[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2010,44(10): 1883-1889.
WANG Yong, KONG Ling-wei, GUO Ai-guo, et al. Effects of gas release rate on gas-water migration in shallow gas reservoir[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University (Engineering Science), 2010, 44(10): 1883-1889.
[16] ALONSO E E, GENS A, HIGHT D W. Special problems of soils[C]//General Report. Proceedings of 9th Europe Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. Rotterdam: Balkema Publishers, 1987: 1087-1146.
[17] WHEELER S J, SIVAHUMAR V. An elasto-plastic cristical state framework for unsaturated soil[J].Geotechnique, 1995, 45(1): 35-53.
[18] 包承纲, 詹良通, 非饱和土性状与工程问题的联系[J].岩土工程学报.2006, 28(2): 129-136.
BAO Cheng-gang, ZHAN Liang-tong. Relationship between unsaturated soil behavior and engineering problems[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2006, 28(2): 129-136.
[19] 孔令伟. 浅层天然气对杭州湾大桥桩基性能的影响与防治对策研究报告[R]. 武汉: 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所, 2002.